Apo patinotaura nezvazvo zvipfeko zvechivanhu zvinobva kuZambia, Senegal neNigeriaMuchokwadi, tiri kuvhura musuwo wezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemachira, magadzirirwo, netsika. Hakuna "chipfeko cheAfrica" chimwe chete, sezvakangoitawo mutauro kana mimhanzi inomiririra kondinendi yese. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kana tikanyatsoongorora, tichaona kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzokororwa munzvimbo idzi: machira anoyerera, machira edonje akareruka, maprints anoyevedza, uye kusarudzwa kwakajeka kwemavara akasimba.
Murwendo urwu tichaona kuti mashandiro, mamiriro ekunze, uye nhoroondo yetsika Vakagadzira mbatya dzechivanhu munyika dzakadai seZambia, Senegal, neNigeria, pamwe chete nekuti mataira aya anonzwisiswa sei muAfrica yose.
Pane chipfeko chakajairika che "Africa" here?
Chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kujekeswa ndechekuti Africa haisi sangano rimwe cheteKune mhuri dzakawanda dzemitauro, zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, uye tsika dzemuno dzinosiyana kubva kumusha kuenda kune mumwe. Kana pasina mutauro mumwechete wemuAfrica kana nzira yekufunga inogona kunzi "muAfrica," zvingave zvisina musoro kufungidzira kuti kune mhando imwe chete yezvipfeko zvechinyakare zvekondinendi yese.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvinoonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. zvinhu zvakagovaniswa muzvipfekoSemuenzaniso, munyika zhinji dzekuMadokero nedzepakati peAfrica, machira marefu, asina kusimba anonyanya kufarirwa nevarume nevakadzi, sezvo achibvumira mhepo kutenderera uye achichengetedza muviri uchitonhorera. Kushandiswa kwemachira echisikigo, kunyanya donje, kwakajairikawo, sezvo ari nyore kupfeka munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzine hunyoro.
Chimwe chinhu chakafanana ndechekuti rudo rwemavara nemifananidzoKusiyana nekusazvidzora kwetsika dzemamwe marudzi pasi rose, munzvimbo zhinji dzeAfrica, mavara akajeka uye magadzirirwo akazara nezviratidzo zvinokosheswa: mifananidzo yejometri nemaruva, mashoko akanyorwa, uye kunyange mifananidzo inotaura nyaya kana kuratidza hunhu hwemunhu akapfeka.
Mukati mehurongwa uhu hwese munoiswa zvipfeko zvechivanhu zvinobva kuZambia, Senegal neNigeria, dzine hunhu hwakafanana nenyika dziri pedyo asi panguva imwe chete dzichiramba dzine hunhu hwadzo zvichibva pamadzinza adzo, zvitendero zvadzo uye mamiriro enhoroondo.
Kushanda, mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinjika muzvipfeko zvechivanhu
Kupfuura runako rwadzo, mbatya dzechivanhu munyika dzemuAfrica dzinonyanya kupindura pfungwa dze mashandiro uye kugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredzaMamiriro ekunze, kudiwa kwerusununguko rwekufamba, rudzi rwebasa rezuva nezuva, uye tsika dzechitendero zvese zvakatsanangura kuti mbatya dzinopfekwa sei uye kuti dzinopfekwa sei.
KuWest Africa, kwavanowanikwa Senegal neNigeriaImwe yenguo dzinonyanya kukosha ndeye boubouInguo refu, isina kusimba, inowanzosvika pamakumbo, inogona kunge isina kusimba kana kushongedzwa nemachira akarukwa pakora nepachipfuva. Inopfekwa nevarume nevakadzi, kunyangwe ine kucheka kwakasiyana-siyana uye zvishongedzo.
Boubou yechirume inowanzo sanganiswa ne bhurugwa rekuti “sokoto”Yakatwasuka uye yakareruka, yakagadzirirwa kubatsira kufamba uye kubvumira mhepo kutenderera. MuNigeria neSenegal, chipfeko ichi chinowanzoonekwa pamhemberero dzechitendero, michato, mapati emhuri, kana kuungana kwakakosha, kunyange zvazvo zvipfeko zviri nyore zvezuva nezuva zviripowo.
Kana vari vakadzi, boubou inochinja-chinja machira akafara uye machira anoyevedza zvakanyanyaKazhinji inoperekedzwa nejira remusoro kana chifukidziro chemusoro chinogona kuva chakawanda. Musanganiswa uyu haungodziviriri kubva kuzuva chete asiwo unoratidza chinzvimbo, hunhu hwetsika, uye dzimwe nguva mamiriro emuchato kana basa remunhu akapfeka.
Kuchamhembe kwekondinendi, munyika dzakadai seMorocco, Algeria, kana Tunisia, dzakawanda. majasi marefu akaita se djellabaZvipfeko izvi, zvinowanzova nehood, zvakagadzirirwa zvakare kudzivirira kubva kumamiriro ekunze pasina kukanganisa nyaradzo. Kunyangwe nzvimbo idzi dzisiri Zambia, Senegal, kana Nigeria, dzine musimboti wakafanana: zvipfeko zvisingapindike zvakagadzirwa nemachira akareruka anoenderana nekupisa uye anobvumira rusununguko rukuru rwekufamba.
Dashiki, kafetani nedzimwe mbatya dzinozivikanwa
Mukati mezvipfeko zvechivanhu zvekuMadokero nepakati peAfrica, dashiki Yava imwe yemhando dzinozivikanwa zvikuru. Ihembe yedonje kana tuniki, inonyaradza uye inokwana, ine madhindindi akasimba uye micheka yakamonera pamutsipa nepachipfuva. MuNigeria nedzimwe nyika dziri pedyo, inopfekwa zvisina kurongwa uye pamhemberero, zvichienderana nejira uye mhando yekupedzwa kwayo.
Dashiki inowanzobatanidzwa ne Kuzivikanwa kwePan-African uye kusimbiswa kwemidziKunze kwekushandiswa kwayo kwezuva nezuva munyika dzayakabva, yave yakakurumbira muAfrica, kunyanya muAmerica neEurope, sechiratidzo chetsika. MuNigeria, inogona kuva chikamu chezvipfeko zvakabatana zvine mabhurugwa nengowani yechinyakare (senge Yoruba fila), nokudaro ichisimbisa hunhu hwedzinza nedunhu.
Mumhuri imwe chete yenguo refu tinowana kaftan (kana kaftan)Nguo, inowanzoshongedzwa nezvishongo zvakarukwa. Kunyange hazvo izwi iri richishandiswa mutsika dzakawanda dzeMediterranean neNear East, muWest Africa rave chikamu chezvipfeko zvemitambo, kunyanya pakati pevakadzi, vanoripfeka pazviitiko zvakakosha nezvishongo zvakafanana, ngowani, neshangu.
Munzvimbo dzine simba guru remaMuslim, kuWest Africa uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeNigeria neSenegal, zvinoonekwawo abayachipfeko chirefu, chinopenya chinosanganiswa nevakadzi vazhinji ne hijab kana chifukidziro cheIslam. Muchiitiko ichi, pamusoro pekunyaradzwa kana dziviriro kubva kuzuva, chikamu chechitendero chinoshanda, sezvo chinangwa chiri chekutevedzera mamwe marongero ekuzvibata.
Muchidimbu, mbatya idzi dzese refu, dzisina kusimba—dashiki, caftan, abaya, boubou—dzinoumba mhuri huru ye machira akagadzirirwa mamiriro ekunze uye hupenyu hwevanhuizvo nyika imwe neimwe nenharaunda yega yega inozvishongedza nemavara ayo, zvinhu zvayo uye nzira dzekuzvipfeka nadzo.
Machira nemagadzirirwo anozivikanwa kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kweAfrica
Kunyangwe tichitarisa kuZambia, Senegal, neNigeria, zvinobatsira kutarisa dzimwe nyika kuti tinzwisise mamiriro enzvimbo iyi. Semuenzaniso, kuChamhembe kweAfrica, shweshwe Ijira redonje rakadhindwa rakakurumbira zvikuru pakugadzira madhirezi echinyakare nemasutu. Mapatani aro ejometri uye mavara akajeka zvave chiratidzo chemichato nemhemberero.
Pakati pevanhu vechiXhosa, vari kumaodzanyembawo, pane mbatya dzechivanhu Zvichibva pamasiketi, mashati, nemashawl akashongedzwa nemabhero uye micheka, zvipfeko izvi zvinowanzochengeterwa mhemberero, tsika dzekuzvarwa, kana mhemberero huru, uye zvinoratidza hukama hwakasimba pakati pezvipfeko nekuzivikanwa kwenharaunda.
Chipfeko cheNdebele, icho, chinoonekwa nekuda kwe mavara akajeka uye mabhora akawandaZvinonyatsooneka nezvishongo zvemutsipa, zvishongo zvemaoko, uye zvishongo zvinoperekedza machira, zvichiita kuti pave neboka rinoyevedza. Kunyangwe tsika idzi dzisiri dzeZambia, Senegal, kana Nigeria, dzine chido chekushongedza uye kushandisa zvipfeko senzira yekuratidza tsika.
Kana tikanyanya kutarisa kuWest Africa zvakare, zvakakosha kutaura nezve kenteKente, rimwe remachira anozivikanwa zvikuru munyika, rinonyanya kusanganiswa neGhana. Netsika dzakarukwa nemaoko nezvidimbu zvitete zvinozosonerwa pamwe chete, kente inoratidzwa nemavara ayo akapfuma, neyero sehwaro hwayo, uye nemifananidzo yayo yekufananidzira. Musanganiswa wega wega wemavara nemaumbirwo unogona kuva nechirevo chaicho, chine chekuita nenhoroondo, simba, kana uchenjeri.
Imwe jira rinozivikanwa zvikuru ndiro shukaChipfeko ichi, chinozivikanwa pakati pemaMaasai eKenya neTanzania, chinowanzova chemavara matsvuku kana ebhuruu, chinoputirwa mumuviri. Kunyangwe zvichisiyana zvichienderana nemashandisirwo azvo uye boka racho, chinowanzobatanidzwa nemufananidzo wekare wemurwi weMaasai. Zvakare, kunyange zvazvo chisingabvi kunyika huru dzenyaya yedu, chinobatsira kuratidza kusiyana kwemafashoni mukati mekondinendi.
Zambia, Senegal neNigeria: nzvimbo dzinosangana uye dzakasiyana
Tichitarisa nyika nhatu dzataurwa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Zambia, Senegal neNigeria Vanoshandisa machira edonje akadhindwa, machira akachekwa zvisina kusimba uye mbatya dzakagadzirirwa kupisa, asi chimwe nechimwe chinovapa tsika dzacho.
MuZambia, simba re machira emhando ye kitenge kana chitenge Zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya. Aya machira edonje akadhindwa anotengeswa nevatengi, ayo vakadzi vanoshandisa kugadzira masiketi, madhirezi, machira emusoro, kana kunyange maapuroni. Jira rimwe chete rinogona kushandiswa kakawanda, zvichiratidza nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekupfeka.
Senegal, iri pakati peWest Africa, yagadzira machira eboubou newakisi chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa. Vakadzi vanowanzo pfeka mbatya dzine zvikamu zvitatu: siketi, bhurauzi, nejira remusoro kana ngowani, zvese zvakabatana muruvara uye mapatani. Varume, kune rumwe rutivi, vanosarudza majasi marefu, dzimwe nguva akagadzirwa nemachira asina kusimba, pamhemberero dzechitendero, mhemberero dzemhuri, kana zviitiko zvepamutemo.
Nigeria, nyika yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana, inosanganisa tsika dzakawanda dzemachira uye zvipfeko zvichienderana nenzvimbo nerudzi. Pakati pevaYoruba, [zvisingazivikanwe] vakawana mukurumbira pasi rose. aso ebi, tsika yemagariro evanhu umo mhuri neshamwari vanosarudza jira rimwe chete pachiitiko (semuenzaniso, muchato), kuitira kuti, kunyange zvazvo dhizaini yesutu ichigona kuchinja, maitiro acho anoratidza avo vari muboka rimwe chete.
Pamusoro pezvo, Nigeria ine mhando dzakasiyana dzemaboubou, dashiki, uye macaftan, pamwe chete nemachira echinyakare akadai se aso okeYakakora uye yakashongedzerwa zvakanyanya, inowanzochengeterwa zviitiko zvakakosha. Kuchamhembe kweNigeria, dunhu rine maMuslim akawanda, zvipfeko nemasitayera zvinoonekwawo zviri pedyo nerunako rwematunic eSahel neMaghreb, ane kucheka kuri nyore asi azere nezvishongo zvekushongedza nezvimwe zvinhu.
Zvemazuva ano netsika: mafashoni emumaguta nemidzi yetsika
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chinoratidza zvipfeko zvemazuva ano zvemuAfrica, inzira iyo Tsika dzinoenderana nemazuva anoMumaguta akaita seLagos (Nigeria), Dakar (Senegal) kana Lusaka (Zambia), zvakajairika kuona vanhu vachisanganisa majini, shangu dzemumba nehembe dzekuMadokero nezvinhu zvechinyakare: majasi, masiketi ejira akadhindwa, majasi akagadzirwa newakisi kana ngowani dzemusoro dzinoyevedza.
Kukura kwevagadziri vemafashoni vemuno kwawedzera kududzirwa patsva kwezvipfeko zvechinyakareSemuenzaniso, muNigeria, vagadziri vazhinji vanoshanda nemachira echinyakare asi vanoshandisa machira emazuva ano: majaketi akagadzirwa nekente kana wax, madhirezi emanheru anotevedzera magadzirirwo eEurope asi achiremekedza madhindindi emuno, kana masutu evarume anobatanidza maitiro ekuMadokero eblazer nemabhurugwa nemachira eAfrica.
MuSenegal, mafashoni emumaguta akachinja maitiro e boubou nekafeni kuhupenyu hwemazuva ano, kupfupisa hurefu, kuderedza maoko emaoko, uye kutamba nezvinhu zvitsva pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwechipfeko. Uye muZambia, chitenge inosanganiswa nemaT-shirts, masweatshirts, kana majaketi kuti vagadzire zvipfeko zvemafashoni zvisingakanganisi runako rwemuno.
Uyezve, vanhu vemuAfrica vari kunze kwenyika vakaunza mbatya idzi nemachira ku Europe, America nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi roseDashiki, jira rekente, machira ane wax print, uye ngowani dzeAfrica zvave zviratidzo zvekudada netsika uye, mune dzimwe nguva, zvekusimbisa zvematongerwo enyika netsika. Nzira dzekufambisa nhau nemagariro evanhu dzakawedzera maitiro aya, zvichikonzera kufarira kune zvinoreva uye kwakabva mbatya idzi.
Mukubatana uku kuripo pakati penyika dzemuno nedzepasi rose, zvipfeko zvechinyakare zveZambia, Senegal, neNigeria zvinoramba zvichishanda se zviratidzo zvekuzivikanwa uye ndangariro yebokavachienda kumusika wefashoni wepasi rose nezvirongwa zvitsva uye zvekugadzira.
Pakupedzisira, zvipfeko zvechinyakare zveZambia, Senegal, neNigeria, nedonje rayo rakareruka, maprinta akajeka, uye majasi anopenya, hazvisi zvekungotarisa runako chete: inyaya yemifananidzo yenhoroondo dzakasiyana-siyana, mamiriro ekunze, zvitendero, uye mararamiro zvinobatana mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana.