Kana uri kufunga nezvekutama, kufamba, kana kuti uchingoda kuziva kuti vanhu vekuDenmark vanorarama sei, tsika dzeDenmark Inyika inonakidza zvikuru. Tsika dzemhuri, mitambo yakakurumbira, gastronomy chaiyo uye nzira yekunzwisisa hupenyu hunoratidzwa nekuenzana nekuvimbana zvinoita kuti nyika ino ive imwe yedzakanyanya kusiyana muEurope… uye zvakare imwe yedzinofara zvikuru.
Pazasi uchawana gwara rakakwana kwazvo rekuti tsika dzakakosha dzeDenmarkKubva pamhemberero dzemafaro dzakakurumbira kusvika kumazororo makuru ari pakarenda kana kuremekedza mureza. Ngatitangei.
Hygge naJanteloven: mweya wetsika dzeDenmark
Kana tichitaura nezveDenmark, hazvigoneke kutaura nezve hyggeHygge, izwi risina kushandurirwa muchiSpanish, rinobatanidza kunyaradzwa, kudziya, kuva pedyo, uye kugara zvakanaka. Kune vekuDenmark, kugadzira mamiriro ekunze ekunze mutambo wenyika: makenduru anobatidzwa kwese kwese, magumbeze akapfava, mwenje wakapfava, kofi kana chokoreti inopisa, hurukuro yakanaka, uye kusamhanyira.
Munguva yechando chakareba, chine rima, hygge inova rudzi rwechidziviriro chemanzwiro. Zvakajairika kuti mhuri dziungane masikati kuti dziite verenga, taura kana kutamba Nechinwiwa chinopisa, dzimba dzinonhuwirira makeke achangobikwa, uye kudya kwemanheru kuri nyore asi kunodziya. Kunyangwe muzhizha, barbecue yakanyarara neshamwari kana kofi yemasikati mubindu zvinogona kunzi hygge.
Mararamiro aya anoenderana zvikuru neimwe nheyo yetsika yenyika: iyo Janteloven kana Mutemo waJanteHausi mutemo wakanyorwa, asi mutemo wemagariro evanhu unoti, muchidimbu, "Usafunge kuti uri nani kupfuura mumwe munhu." Kuzvininipisa, kuenzana, uye kusazvikudza nezvezvawakabudirira zvinokosheswa. Ndosaka mazita ekuremekedza asingawanzo shandiswa muDenmark, vanhu vanoshandisa chimiro chisina kurongeka che "tú" uye vanodanana nemazita avo ekutanga kunyangwe munzvimbo dzepamutemo, uye hazviwanzoonekwi kuratidzwa kwepfuma.
Kusanganiswa kwe hygge naJanteloven kunoita kuti nzanga yeDenmark iite seyakaenzana zvikuru: Mapfekero avo akafanana Pakati pemapoka evanhu, mota dzemhando yepamusoro hadzina kuwanda, uye chinonyanya kutariswa ndechekurarama hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakanyarara uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu pane kumira pamusoro pevamwe.
Tsika dzezuva nezuva uye hupenyu hwemagariro evanhu
Kunze kwemapati makuru, kune seti ye tsika dzezuva nezuva izvo zvinoumba hupenyu muDenmark uye kuti chero muenzi mutsva anozopedzisira azvijaira munguva pfupi.
Imwe yacho ndeye fredagscafé"Kofi yeChishanu" itsika yakajairika mumayunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzebasa. Masikati ega ega eChishanu, mushure mebasa, vashandi pamwe chete nevadzidzi vanoungana kuti vanwe doro shoma (kana zvinwiwa zvisina doro), vataure vakasununguka, uye vagamuchire vhiki. Inowanzoitirwa muhofisi kana muchivako chevadzidzisi uye inogona kutora kubva paawa imwe kusvika manheru marefu.
Imwe tsika inoshamisa ndeyekushandisa fødselsdagsflagMureza wekuzvarwa. Kana munhu aine zuva rekuzvarwa, zvakajairika kushongedza imba, tafura, dhesiki, kana kunyange bindu nemireza midiki yeDenmark. Mabhekari anopa makeke akawanda ane mireza midiki yakabatanidzwa, uye dzimba dzine mireza dzinosimudza Dannebrog kupemberera zuva rakakosha remunhu wacho.
El morgensangKuimba kwemangwanani, kana kuti "højskolesangbogen," ndeimwe tsika yakadzika midzi, kunyanya muzvikoro, muzvikoro, uye mune mamwe mabhizinesi. Vanhu vanoungana kuti vaimbe nziyo dzechinyakare dzakaunganidzwa mubhuku renziyo rine mukurumbira, højskolesangbogen. Tsika iyi inosimbisa pfungwa yekuva munharaunda uye kuva nhengo, uye kuvana vazhinji, chikamu chisingaparadzaniswi chendangariro dzavo dzekuchikoro.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechekukosha kwe kubata nenguva uye kudzokorora Muhupenyu hwevanhu vekuDenmark, kana ukakokwa kumba kwemumwe munhu, unotarisirwa kusvika nenguva, kubvisa shangu dzako paunopinda (kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira), uye kuuya nechipo chidiki chakadai sewaini kana maruva. ​​Uyezve, kana mumwe munhu akakukoka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti uchamugamuchira mune ramangwana.
Tsika dzekudya dzeDenmark nedzekudya patafura
Kana paine chikafu chimwe chete chinomiririra Denmark, ndicho smørrebrødIzvi chingwa cherye chakachekwa zvitete (rugbrød) chakaiswa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinowanzo pihwa panguva yekudya kwemasikati uye zvinenge zvakaita semhando yeunyanzvi: kutanga hove (herring yakanyikwa, smoked eel, crab, breaded plaice ine remoulade), uye zvinozotevera zvimedu zvinotonhora zvakaita senyama yenguruve yakakangwa, nyama yemombe yakakangwa, frikadeller (meatballs), ham, uye liver pâté.
Zvingwa zvinopihwa ne ndiro dzekumativi dzinoyevedza zvikuru zvakaita semhete dzehanyanisi, radishes, gherkins, domasi, parsley, remoulade, kana mayonnaise. Zvese izvi zvinowanzo perekedzwa nedoro rekuDanish uye, dzimwe nguva, mashots e aquavit kana snaps, kunyanya pamitambo yakaita se julefrokost kana påskefrokost.
Manheru, zvakajairika kudya ndiro dzinopisa: hove dzakakangwa, nyama yenguruve yakagochwa nekabheji tsvuku, chicken stew, nyama yemombe yakabikwa zvishoma nezvishoma, meatballs, kana nyama yenguruve chops. nyama dzemhando yepasi rose Hadzisi tsika dzechivanhu, kunyangwe dzichionekwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rekunze.
Munyaya yekudya, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha: æbleskiverAya mabhora madiki emukanyiwa wakaita sepancake, akakangwa mubhota mupani yakakosha uye anopihwa nejamu neshuga. Pakutanga, aive nezvidimbu zveapuro mukati (ndosaka zita racho richinzi "zvidimbu zveapuro"), uye anowanzoitwa panguva yeKisimusi pamwe chete negløgg, waini ine mulled ine zvinonhuwira.
Kunewo dhizeti rave kuedzwa kwemitauro nemoto: iyo rødgrød med flødeIdhizeti dzvuku remuchero nekirimu, rine zita risingataurwi nevatorwa. Kukukumbira kuti utaure izwi iri inzira yekare yekuedza hunyanzvi hwako hwekuDenmark… uye kuseka.
Zvinhu zvikuru zviri mukarenda yeDenmark: kubva kuCarnival kusvika kuGore Idzva
Karenda yeDenmark ine zviratidzo zve mitambo yechivanhu, mizhinji ine midzi yevagari vepasi kana yechiKristu, izvo zvakaisa mutinhimira wegore uye izvo vazhinji vevanhu vanoramba vachipemberera, kunyangwe nenzira yemazuva ano.
Mushure meKisimusi, chiitiko chikuru chekutanga ndicho Zuva reMadzimamboKisimusi, yaipembererwa musi wa6 Ndira, yakarega kuva zororo repamutemo muna 1770. Pausiku hwechishanu, dzimwe dzimba dzichiri kubatidza kenduru yakakosha ine tambo nhatu inopenya zvinyoro-nyoro painotsva, zvichiratidza kuguma kweKisimusi. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, midungwe midiki ine vatori vechikamu vakapfeka zvipfeko zvichiri kuitika, vachienda paimba neimba.
Inosvika muna Kukadzi kana Kurume fastelavnMutambo wekuDenmark, mavhiki manomwe Isita isati yasvika, mutambo unonyanya kufarirwa nevana, vanopfeka zvakanaka uye vanotora chikamu mumutambo wakafanana nepiñata, kwavanorova dhiramu rizere nezvihwitsi, "slå katten af ​​​​tønden." Munhu wese anoputsa dhiramu anogadzwa saMambo kana Mambokadzi weKatsi. Vakuru vanowanzo ronga mapati nemakwikwi ezvipfeko.
La Holy Week Inoramba iine mavambo ayo echiKristu sekurangarira rufu nekumuka kwaJesu, asi inoshandawo sezororo rechirimo. Munguva iyi, kudya kwakakosha kunonakidzwa, nzendo dzinoitwa, uye zviratidzo zvekutanga zvemamiriro ekunze akanaka mushure mechando zvinonakirwa.
Muna Kubvumbi, April 1 Yakachengeterwa majee eZuva raApril Fools, ane majee muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye munhau. Mapepanhau neterevhizheni zvinowanzo pinda munhau dzenhema, saka zvakanaka kungwarira. Gare gare, musi wa30 Kubvumbi, Walpurgis husikuyaimbova yakatsaurirwa kupemberera kusvika kwezhizha nemoto mikuru nekutamba vachitenderedza Maypole. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo tsika iyi ichiripo.
Mazororo enyika nemazuva emureza
Kubatanidzwa kwevaDenmark nezviratidzo zvavo zvenyika kunoonekwa zvakanyanya kutenderedza DannebrogMureza mutsvuku une muchinjikwa muchena, mumwe wemimwe yekare pasi rose. Sekureva kwengano, wakadonha kubva mudenga panguva yeHondo yeLyndanise muEstonia musi wa15 Chikumi 1219, zvichibatsira maDenmark kukunda.
El Zuva reValdemarMusi wa15 Chikumi unoyeuka nguva iyoyo chaiyo. Yave iri zororo renyika kubvira muna 1913 uye kare raive zuva risiri rechikoro, rine mhemberero munyika yese. Nhasi, mireza midiki ichiri kutengeswa pazuva iri, ichiyeuchidza nhoroondo yeDenmark yepakati nepakati.
El Zuva reBumbiro reMitemo (Grundlovsdag)Musi wa5 Chikumi ndiwo musi wekutanga kushanda kwebumbiro remitemo reDenmark muna 1849. Izuva rezvematongerwo enyika uye remhemberero: misangano, hurukuro, uye kuungana panze kunoitwa. Vashandi vazhinji vane hafu yezuva rekuzorora. Zvinofadza kuti rinoitwa panguva imwe chete neZuva raBaba, tsika yakatorwa kubva kuUnited States muna 1935.
Rimwe zuva rizere nezviratidzo ndiro 5 yaMayMusi wa4 Chivabvu iZuva reRusununguko. Denmark yakatorwa neNazi Germany kubva muna 1940 kusvika 1945, uye nhau dzekusunungurwa kwayo dzakatepfenyurwa musi wa4 Chivabvu neBBC. Vanhu vakangoerekana vabatidza makenduru mumahwindo avo vachipemberera, tsika ichiri kucherechedzwa mudzimba dzakawanda.
El Zuva Guru reMinamatoMutambo weVakafa, unopembererwa neChishanu chechina mushure meIsita, izororo rekuDenmark chete. Rakatanga muna 1686 kubatanidza mazuva mapfupi ekutsanya nekunamata. Tsika dzinoraira kudya mabhanzi anodziya husiku hwapfuura. MuCopenhagen, zvaive zvakajairika kufamba-famba munzvimbo dzakadai seLangelinie kana Christianshavn tichiteerera mabhero, uye kunyangwe tsika dzachinja, vazhinji vachiri kutevedzera tsika yemabhanzi.
Mhemberero dzemwaka: Sankt Hans, Pentecost neTsika
Humwe hwehusiku hwakakosha zvikuru pagore ndihwo Chikumi 23, Saint Hans AftenPausiku hweMidsummer Day, nemidzi yechihedheni, zuva rezhizha rinopembererwa nemoto mikuru pamahombekombe, mumakungwa, uye munzvimbo dzemaguta, hurukuro, nziyo, uye kazhinji kupiswa kwemuroyi wehuswa pamusoro pemoto mukuru. Moto unomiririra kucheneswa nekudzingwa kwemweya yakaipa, uye mamiriro acho ezvinhu anoshamisa nekuda kwehusiku hunenge huchena hwezhizha reDenmark.
Chimwe chinhu chakabatanawo nekutenderera kwegore ndechekuti herbal tradition of sankthansaftenZvaifungidzirwa kuti miriwo yakaunganidzwa husiku ihwohwo yaiva nehunyanzvi hwekurapa. Vasikana vechidiki vaiisa maruva pasi pemapiro avo kuti varote nezvevarume vavo vemangwana, uye doro raigadzirwa nemiti yakaita seSt. John's wort. Korona dzemaruva mumusoro ndeimwe yemifananidzo yakajairika yemhemberero iyi.
La PentekostiMazuva makumi mashanu mushure meIsita, Pentekosti inosanganisa kukosha kwechitendero (kusvika kweMweya Mutsvene nekuzvarwa kweChechi) nekumuka kwechisikigo. Kubva muzana remakore rechi19, zvave tsika kumuka mangwanani-ngwanani kana kurara kusvika "kune zuva richitamba" mangwanani ePentekosti, kazhinji nekofi nedoro reGammel Dansk liqueur panze. Kune vashandi vemumaguta, yaivewo mukana wekufamba kumaruwa uye kupemberera kusvika kwezhizha.
Mumaguta mazhinji, Mutambo wePentekostinemitambo yesamba, zvipfeko, uye mapati epaki. Muenzaniso wekuti Denmark yakabatanidza sei zvinhu zvekunze (sekunaka kwemacarnival ekuLatin America) mumhemberero dzayo isina kurasikirwa nekunaka kwayo kwemuno.
Mugore rose, zvinotevera zvinoitikawo: Vhiki yeTsika (Kulturugen) Mumaguta akasiyana-siyana, makonzati, kuratidzwa, mitambo yemitambo, zviitiko zvekunze, uye zviitiko zvemazera ese zviri kuitika mumazuva aya. Izvi zvinoratidza kuzvipira kwehurumende nemaguta kutsika sechikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Julefrokost, påskefrokost uye zvimwe zvikuru festive zvokudya
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chinoratidza mitambo yeDenmark, ndechekuti inogara ichiperekedzwa nemitambo iyi. mabiko makuru evanhu vose. Zviviri zvezvinonyanya kukosha ndeye julefrokost uye påskefrokost.
El julefrokostKudya kwemasikati kweKisimusi, kana kuti "kudya kwemasikati kweKisimusi," chaizvoizvo kudya kwemanheru kwenguva refu kweKisimusi kunogona kugara kwemaawa akawanda. Kunopembererwa kubva pakupera kwaMbudzi kusvika pakati paZvita nemhuri, shamwari, uye kunyanya vaunoshanda navo. Mumakambani mazhinji, zvinenge zvichisungirwa uye zvinova chiitiko chikuru chevanhu pagore.
Tafura yakazara ne smørrebrød, herring yakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, salmon, nyama yenguruve yakagochwa, chizi, æbleskiver, zvihwitsi, doro rakawanda, gløgg, uye snaps dzakawanda. Pakati pemakosi, vanoimba. nziyo dzeKisimusi dzechinyakare (julesange), uye mamiriro ekunze anova nehupenyu hwakawanda, zvichisiya parutivi nzvimbo yakajairika yekuchengetera zvinhu yeDenmark.
El påskefrokost Ndiyo mhemberero yechirimo panguva yeIsita. Inobatanidza mhuri neshamwari kuti vadye pamwe chete negwayana, herring, mazai akashongedzwa, chingwa, chizi, uye zvinwiwa zveIsita zvakakosha zvakaita sedoro remwaka nedoro remwaka. Dzimba dzakashongedzwa nemapazi ebirch ane minhenga nemazai ane mavara, uye "gækkebrev" dzinotsinhana—tsamba dzisingazivikanwe dzine nhetembo nezvirahwe zvinotumirwa nevana kuti vagamuchire kuti vafungidzire kuti ndiani akavatuma.
Muna Mbudzi, Martin's Vigil (Mortensaften) Iinewo chimwe chikafu chechinyakare: dhadha rakagochwa kana goose rine maapuro nemapurumu, pamwe chete nekabheji tsvuku nembatatisi dzakakangwa. Ngano inoti Saint Martin akavanda muchidyiro chakazara nemagoose kuti asagadzwe sebhishopu, asi mhuka dzakamupandukira nekurira kwadzo. Se "kutsiva," magoose anodyiwa pazuva iroro.
Ngano, zvipfeko zvechivanhu nekutamba
Ngano dzechiDanish dzinosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dze ngano, ngano, mimhanzi nemitambo zvinotumirwa nemuromo. Kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi19 zvichienda mberi, nekuwedzera kwemanzwiro enyika, vaongorori vakafamba nenyika vachiunganidza nyaya, nziyo, netsumo, vachinyora zvipfeko zvedunhu rega rega, uye vachitevera kwakabva nyaya iyi. Jutes, vagari vekutanga veJutland.
Zvipfeko zvechinyakare, zvemuzana remakore rechi18 nerechi19, zvakatangira kumaruwa uko zvipfeko zvairukwa kumba zvichibva pamvere dzemakwai kana machira. Mumapurazi, kugadzira zvipfeko zvemhuri nevashandi kwaive chikamu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Muimbi Frederik Christian Lund, mushure mekushanda semusoja muHondo Yekutanga yeSchleswig muDenmark, akagadzira mifananidzo yemavara yevarimi vakapfeka zvipfeko zvavo zvemunharaunda ndokuzviburitsa muunganidzwa we "Danske Nationaldragter" (Zvipfeko zveNyika zveDenmark).
Nhaka yese iyi yetsika dzechivanhu inofambidzana netsika dzemazuva ano dzinochinja-chinja: hunyanzvi, sinema, mimhanzi uye gastronomy Vasimudzira Denmark pamusoro penyika dzakawanda, nemafambiro akaita seDogma 95 mumafirimu kana kuti New Nordic Gastronomy, iyo inowanazve zvinhu zvemuno nehunyanzvi hutsva uye yakapa maresitorendi ane mukurumbira anozivikanwa neMichelin Guide.
Pakati pemakenduru akabatidzwa, kuenzana kwakafuridzirwa naJanteloven, chivimbo chinobvumira vacheche kurara mumugwagwa, mireza inopeperetswa pamazuva ekuzvarwa nemazororo enyika, uye karenda yakazara nemabiko, moto, kuimba nemisika, Tsika dzeDenmark dzinoratidza nzanga yakabatana zvikuru uyo anowana mufaro munzanga, nyore, uye kuremekedza tsika zvakadzama pamwe chete nemafungiro akavhurika uye emazuva ano.