Kana rimwe zuva iwe uchida kufamba uye uchiona nzvimbo dzakanaka kwazvo pasi pano, saka usazeze zvakanyanya uye gadzirira rwendo rwekuziva maCordilleras eColombia. Makomo eAndes ndiwo makomo anoyevedza uye akakosha muLatin America, iyo inopatsanura nzvimbo yeColombia mumapazi matatu akazvimirira: iyo Western Cordillera, iyo Central Cordillera neEastern Cordillera.
ICordillera de los Andes inopinda muColombia kuburikidza nechikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika uye chakakamurwa kuita mbiri cheni: Iyo Western Cordillera neCentral Cordillera. ICentral Mountain Range inopatsanura matavi maviri muColombian Massif kana Almaguer's Nude, zvichipa kumabvazuva kweMakomo Range. Iyo inonzi Pacific Ring yeMoto inofarirwawo zvikuru nekuti inoumbwa nemakomo akawanda uye inowanikwa munzvimbo ino. Galeras volcano iri padyo neguta rePasto neNevado del Ruiz inova zvakare gomo rinoputika vanozivikanwa nebasa ravo razvino.
Chii chinonzi gomo?
Tisati taona kuti ndeapi akakosha makomo muColombia, ngatitsanangurei chii chinonzi gomo.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati penzvimbo yemakomo, ngetani kana gomo system, kana zviri nyore makomo ..? Zvakanaka, ndichaedza kukutsanangurira. Kana isu tikaenda kuduramazwi totsvaga nzvimbo yemakomo, inoitsanangura se: akateedzana emakomo akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Mupfungwa iyi inosiyana neyesirare muhuwandu hwemakomo, iyo yakakura kwazvo muCordillera. Ngatitaurei makomo ndiwo mapoka atinogadzira emakomo emakomo.
Maumbirwo emakomo akaumbwa sei
Zvino kana tikachera zvakadzama zvishoma, uye tikazviona kubva kune iyo geological maonero, ini ndichakuudza izvozvo mitsara yemakomo inoumbwa nenzvimbo dzakapetwa kana muchikamu chekupeta. Munzvimbo dzakakwenenzverwa, dzinowanikwa kumucheto kwemakondinendi, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zve sedimentary zvinounganidzwa, kana izvi zvichidzvinyirirwa zvakanyanya zvichikonzerwa nekusundana kwepashure, dzinopeta nekumuka, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemaketani emakomo. Aya ndiwo marongero akaitwa matunhu makuru emakondinendi akaita seHimalaya muAsia, maAndes muSouth America kana maEuropean Alps
Maitiro aya mukufamba, izvo zvinokonzeresa kupeta zvinogona kuva:
- Nekurovera pakati pemakondinendi maviri mahwendefa iyo lithosphere, ndiro yekunze yePasi, iyo ine hudzamu hwakasiyana pakati pemakiromita gumi kusvika makumi mashanu, inopfupika, kupeta kana kupaza uye inokwidza makomo emakomo (sezvinei, izvi zvakafanana nemakomo emakomo). Saka makomo eHimalaya anoumbwa, akanyanya pamusoro. Iri gomo renzvimbo rinotambanuka kuburikidza nenyika dzinoverengeka: Bhutan, Nepal, China neIndia uye mariri tinowana gumi kubva gumi nemana emakwiriro anodarika zviuru zvisere zvemamita kukwirira, ari pamusoro pegungwa pasi rese.
- Nokubonderana, asi mukati mematareti maviri etectonic. Iyo Pyrenees inopihwa semuenzaniso.
- Nekurovera pakati penzvimbo yegungwa neyeganda rekondinendi, ipapo gungwa regungwa rinonyura. Muenzaniso chaiwo ndeyemakomo eAndes, ayo ari makomo marefu kupfuura mamwe ose munyika uye mairi tinowana makomo akapfuura pasi rese.
MaAtmospheric vamiriri senge mvura kana mhepo, pamwe nehuswa pachahwo uye hunhu hwevhu, kupindira uye kuumba nzvimbo dzemakomo. Zviya Iko hakuna chete makomo emakomo paPasi, pane mamwe mapuraneti, akaita seMars, ariko zvakare, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeTarsis.
Chido chekuziva, hazvizivikanwe kuti nderipi gomo rekaresa pasi pano, asi tepi kana tepi ikirasi yenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa dzakakwirira, dzine madziro akamira. Zvinopikiswa kuti aya marudzi emakomo ndiwo echinyakare mafomati, nekuti kwaakabva kwakabva kuPrecambrian. Asi isu hatisati taziva zvakawanda zvegungwa.
Marine mabhibhi
TIni ndataura nezvemakomo emakomo ayo isu "tinoona" asi kune zvakare makomo emakomo mumakungwa, iwo anonzi aya makungwa emakungwa, iyo inonyatsoita gomo rakakura kwazvo, anenge makiromita 60.000 pakureba. Izvi zvinoumbwa nekushandurwa kwema tectonic mahwendefa.
Kureba kwepakati kwemakomo aya ari pasi pemvura zviuru zviviri kusvika zviuru zvitatu zvemamita. Aya marudzi emakomo emakomo ane zororo rakakora, riine materu akakura uye magomo anowanzo kuverengerwa nekudzika kwakadzama kwenguva refu, iyo inonzi sinkhole kana rift, umo kudengenyeka kwepasi uye kuputika kwemakomo kunoitika kazhinji. Kubudikidza neaya masese anoungana kumucheto, ukobvu hwegomo rinoputika rinowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mune zvimwe zvikamu zveAtlantic Ocean chikwambo chinofamba chingangoita 2 masentimita pagore, nepo kumabvazuva kwePacific ichifamba nekukurumidza, anenge masendimita gumi nemana.
Mamwe makomo mumatanho aya akakwira pamusoro pegungwa uye akapa zviwi zvekuputika zvakaita seIceland.
Iyo Cordilleras yeColombia
Iyo Western Cordillera
Iyo Cordillera Occidental ine hurefu hunosvika 1.200 km uye inomhanya kuchamhembe kuburikidza nenyika kubva kuNudo de los Pastos muDhipatimendi reNariño kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweColombia kusvika kuNudo de Paramillo muDhipatimendi reCórdoba, iri kuchamhembe kwenyika.
Makomo marefu-soro eWestern Cordillera ari - muhurongwa hwehurefu-:
- Cumbal Volcano: 4.764 metres kumusoro.
- Chile gomo: 4.748 m kukwirira.
- Iyo volufo yeAzufral: 4.070 m kukwirira.
- Farallones de Cali: kubva pa200 kusvika ku4.280 m kukwirira.
- Tatamá Chikomo: 4.200 m kukwirira.
- Paramillo massif kana Paramillo del Sinú: kubva pa100 kusvika ku3.960 XNUMX m kukwirira.
- Munchique Chikomo: 3.012 m kukwirira.
Iyo Central Mountain Range
Iyo yepakati Cordillera inotambanuka kubva kuNudo de Almaguer kana Colombian Massif muDhipatimendi reCauca kuenda kuSerranÃa de San Lucas de BolÃvar kuchamhembe kweColombia. Ndiro gomo rakakwirira kwazvo munyika riine makomo anodarika mazana mashanu nemazana manomwe emakiromita uye rine kureba kwemakiromita chiuru.
Makomo marefu-soro eCentral Cordillera ari - muhurongwa hwehurefu-:
- Nevado del Huila: 5.750 m kukwirira.
- Nevado del Ruiz: 5.321 m kukwirira.
- Nevado del Tolim: 5.216 m kukwirira.
- Nevado de Santa Isabel: 5.150 m kukwirira.
- Nevado del Cisne: 4.800 m kukwirira.
Sezvauri kuona, ine makomo marefu chaiwo ekuti kuvaona uri kure kwatove kunakidza nekuda kwehukuru hwayo. Iwo pasina kukahadzika zvishamiso zvecolombia izvo zvine rombo rakanaka kuva nazvo. Kune vanhu vazhinji vanofamba kuenda kumakomo aya vaine chinangwa chekuziva makomo aya uye kunakidzwa nerunako rwavo mhenyu.
Iyo Eastern Cordillera
Kumabvazuva kweCordillera igomo rakakura kwazvo munyika nehurefu husingasviki makiromita chiuru nemazana maviri. Iri gomo renzvimbo rinotambanuka kubva kuAlmaguer knot kusvika kuPerijá makomo, muDhipatimendi reLa Guajira, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweColombia.
ICordillera yakakamurwa kuita matavi maviri: gomo reMotilones rinotambanukira kuchamhembe uye gomo reTáchira rinoyambuka muganho pakati peColombia neVenezuela.
Makomo marefu-soro eEastern Cordillera ari - muhurongwa hwehurefu-:
- Iyo Sierra Nevada del Cocuy: 5.330 m kukwirira.
- Iyo Sumapaz moor: 3.820 m kukwirira.
- Páramo de Pisba: 3.800 m kukwirira.
- Iyo Sierra de Perijá: 3.750 m kukwirira.
- Iyo Choachà moor: 2.980 m kukwirira.
Zvakare kumabvazuva kweCordillera tinogona kuwana nzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvakare yerunako rukuru uye kukosha kweColombia. Vanomira pachena:
- Iyo Bogotá savanna: 2.600 metres kumusoro, uko iko guta reBototá.
- Iyo Ubaté savanna: 2.570 m kukwirira.
- Mupata weSogamoso: 2.570 m kukwirira.
Kukosha kwepamusoro kwenyika kwakanyanya muColombia
Pamusoro peMakomo eAndes nezvese zvataurwa pamusoro, kune marefu epasi akakosha kwazvo kuColombia yese neLatin America iro zano rakanaka kuti iwe uzive, kana rimwe zuva uchifarira kuenda kunzvimbo dzavo. kuziva izvi zvishamiso zvepasi.
Sierra Nevada yeSanta Marta
Inowanikwa mumapani emahombekombe eCaribbean. Inotambanudza kuburikidza nemadhipatimendi eMagdalena, Cesar neLa Guajira. Iyo ine kukwirira kwemamirioni 5.775 (18.947 tsoka) pamusoro pegungwa. Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yaunogona kuwana ndeye yaCristóbal Colón inoteverwa naSimón BolÃvar. Ndiyo yepamusoro-soro yakafukidzwa nechando makomo muColombia. Iri gomo renzvimbo rine nzvimbo yemakiromita zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu.
Montes de MarÃa kana San Jacinto makomo renji
Iri pakati pemadhipatimendi eBolÃvar neSucre mumapani emahombekombe eCaribbean.Iine kukwirira kwemamita 810.
Serrania de la Macuira
Iri muDhipatimendi reLa Guajira uye ine kukwirira kwemamita 810. Iyo zvakare ine nzvimbo ye250 square km.
Serrania del Darien
Inowanikwa mudhipatimendi reChocó. Nharaunda yemuganhu pakati peColombia nePanama. Ine kukwirira kwemamita 1.910 paTacurcuna Chikomo.
SerranÃa del Baudo
Iri mudhipatimendi reChocó, padyo nemahombekombe egungwa rePacific. Iyo inopatsanurwa kubva kumabheseni eAtrato uye eBaudo nzizi uye inoenderana nemhenderekedzo ine yakanaka mifananidzo yemakomo ari padyo negungwa. It has an elevation of 1.810 metres.
Serrania de la Macarena
Inowanikwa mudhipatimendi reMeta, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEastern Cordillera. Iine kukwirira kwemamita zviuru zviviri. Unogona kuwana nzvimbo yemazana matanhatu emakiromita mazana matanhatu.
SerranÃa del Perijá kana SerranÃa de los Motilones munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba
Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweColombia. Inoshanda semuganhu wakasarudzika neVenezuela pakati pemadhipatimendi eLa Guajira neNorte de Santander. It has an elevation of 287 metres.
Maodzanyemba akadziva kumabvazuva
Ivo vanowanikwa muEastern Plains. Zvikomo zvakapararira seIguaje uye Yambi ine nzvimbo dzakadzika, uye Sierra de Araracuara.
Sezvauri kuona, maCordilleras eColombia ane zvakawanda zvekuratidzira nyika, uye runako rwavo rwakaoma kurova.