El Rwizi rweMagdalena Ndiyo yakakosha tsinga yerwizi mu Korombiya zvese zvehurefu hwayo uye vhoriyamu uye nehuremu hwayo hwenhoroondo. Inozvarwa pamamita mazana matatu neshanu nemashanu ekukwirira mu Mbatata Wasteland, kumaodzanyemba kwePuracé Natural National Park pamuganhu pakati pemadhipatimendi eHuila neCauca. Inodira mumvura dzeGungwa reCaribbean mushure merwendo rurefu rwemakiromita 1.548 inoyerera ichibva zasi ichienda kuchamhembe ichitevedza mupata weAndes.
Munzira yayo yese Rwizi rweMagdalena rwunokwira kusvika gumi nerimwe madhipatimendi eColombiaMagdalena, Atlántico, BolÃvar, Cesar, Antioquia, Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Caldas, Tolima naHuila. Aya ndiwo zvakare anogara vanhu munyika. Uye inonyanya kukosha kubva pakuona kwezvehupfumi.
Kunyangwe isiri iyo rwizi rurefu muColombia kana rune simba kwazvo (Putumayo anoipfuura muzvikamu zvese), iri panzvimbo tsinga huru yerwizi yenyika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikamu chikuru kune chokwadi chekuti inofambika kubva kuguta re Honda kusvika pamuromo wayo uye zvakare panguva yakawanda yenzira yayo huru yerukova, Rwizi rweCauca. Pakazara, anenge makiromita mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe.
Chaizvo muHonda ndiyo Magdalena River Museum, nzvimbo yakanaka yekudzidza zvese zvakavanzika zverwizi urwu pamwe nekukosha kwaro kwenhoroondo.
Pre-Columbian nguva: rwizi rutsvene
Vanhu vakasiyana vemunharaunda vaigara munharaunda yazvino yeColombia vasati vasvika veEuropean vakafunga Magdalena a rwizi rutsvene.
Mvura dzayo dzainamatwa sechitubu chehupenyu. Vanhu vaigara pedyo nekuberekwa kwake vakamudana Yuma, izwi rinogona kuturikirwa se "rwizi rwenyika inoshamwaridzika uye nemakomo" uye zvakare Caripuana kana "rwizi rukuru."
Munguva yayo yese yaigamuchira mamwe mazita senge arli ("Rwizi rweHove"), mukureva kwehove yakawanda yakapihwa nemvura yayo. Izvo zvaizivikanwawo nevamwe vanhu se Macaw ("Rwizi rwemakuva"), sezvo paive netsika yekukanda mushakabvu mumvura dzayo kusimudzira kuenda kwavo kune imwe nyika.
Rwizi rweMagdalena panguva dzekoloni
Wemuchadenga maonero erwizi rweMagdalena Rwizi
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vakundi veSpain vakawana Rwizi rweMagdalena nzira yakanakisa yekupinda mukati mekunakidzwa kwenyika. Colombia ine yakaoma uye yakaoma yakaoma nzvimbo.
Kuwanikwa kweve colonizers kunonzi Rodrigo de Bastidas muna 1501. Ndiye iye akabhabhatidza rwizi nezita rekuti Rio Grande de la Magdalena, mukuremekedza Santa MarÃa Magdalena. Ndiye zvekare akatumidza nzvimbo yemuromo kuti Ash Miromo, neruvara rweashen rwemvura yemurwizi yakatakurwa nezvidhoma kana uchipinda mugungwa.
Yekutanga nzendo yekukwira rwizi haina kuitika kusvika 1519, na Jerome de Melo mukuraira kwaro.
Munguva yese yekutonga kweSpain, rwizi rweMagdalena ndiyo yega nzira yaive nemusoro wekoloni, Santa Fe de Bogota, yakataurirana neAtlantic coast. Paive nechiteshi chekutanga chekondinendi yeAmerica, Cartagena deIndias, kwemakore akawanda kubatana kukuru pakati peEurope neAmerica.
Nguva yeRepublican uye iripo
La yendarama zera rerwizi kufamba muRwizi rweMagdalena inoenderana nemakumi emakore ekutanga ekuvapo kweRepublic of Colombia. Gare gare, pamwe nekukura kwenzira yemumbure, kuvandudzwa kwenjanji uye kuvhurwa kwe Panama Canal muna 1914 (uyo waive makwikwi asingakundiki mukutaurirana pakati pemakungwa maviri) kukosha kwayo kwakadzikira.
Kubva ipapo kusvika nhasi, akawanda madziva, madhamu uye magetsi ekugadzira magetsi. Rwizi rweMagdalena rune avhareji kuyerera kwemamirimita mazana manomwe nemazana maviri pasekondi.
Rwizi Magdalena kubva kuBetania Dam maonero
Mahombe aya emadhamu ekugadzira ndeaya e Guajaro, pakati pemaguta eBarranquilla neCagagagena, ine nzvimbo inosvika mahekita zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu, kunyange hazvo inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwesimba iri hope, iri muDhipatimendi reSantander. Ese aya mabasa, anopfuura makumi maviri munzira yerwizi, akachinja mamiriro emvura.
Matyisidziro makuru akatarisana nerwizi aya kuwanda kuri kutiza kwemisha yemaguta nekusashandiswa zvisina kufanira kwezviwanikwa. Izvi zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kwevhu, mweya nemvura. Muna 1991 iyo Sangano reRio Grande de la Magdalena (Cormagdalena) kutungamira uye kurongedza kuvandudza uye kuchengetedza marongero emudziyo.
Muchidimbu, zvinogona kusimbiswa kuti Rwizi rweMagdalena runoumba, pamwe neCauca, iyo huru axis yekusimudzira hupfumi hweColombia. Kune rimwe divi, kukosha kwayo kwenzvimbo, nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza, tsika nemagariro, hupfumi, huwandu hwevanhu, kukosha kwemaguta uye nhoroondo kunozivikanwawo.