Wakamboudzwa here kuti hakuna mwaka muColombia ukashamisika zvachose? Chokwadi ndechekuti Munyika ino, mwaka mina yekare yechirimo, zhizha, matsutso, uye chando haisati yamboitika. sezvakaita kuEurope kana kuSouthern Cone, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti mamiriro ekunze anofinha kana kuti anofinha. Kutaura zvazviri, mumaawa mashoma chete nemotokari unogona kubva kugungwa reCaribbean rinopisa kuenda kunzvimbo ine chando kana guta rine tembiricha dzakafanana nedzechirimo.
Chinokosha ndechekuti Colombia iri pakati penyika intertropical zone, pedyo zvikuru neequatorIzvi zvinoita kuti pave nemwaranzi yezuva yakafanana mukati megore rose, nekureba kwemasikati nehusiku zvisinganyanyi kuchinja uye tembiricha isingawirirane nemwaka inodziya. Panzvimbo pemwaka mina yechinyakare, pano tinonyanya kutaura nezvenguva mbiri huru: mwaka wemvura (unowanzonzi mwaka wechando) uye mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura ("zhizha" remuno), izvo zvakarongwawo zvakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo.
Sei Colombia isina mwaka mina yakafanana neEurope?
Tsananguro yekuti sei Colombia haitevedzere maitiro emwaka enzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya Yakavakirwa pakuongorora nyeredzi: munyika dziri kure ne equator, kurereka kwepasi kunoita kuti huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva husiyane zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenguva yegore, zvichiita kuti mwaka iwoyo usiyane. Zvisinei, munzvimbo ye equator, Zuva rinopenya zvakanyanya mugore rose.
Zvinoturikira kuti Avhareji yekupisa kwemwedzi inochinja zvishoma kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita.Tembiricha dzinonzi dzegore negore dzinowanzova pasi pe5°C muColombia yese, uye munzvimbo dzakadai seAmazon hadzisviki pa1°C zvakanyanya. Chinochinja zvakanyanya mvura inonaya: VaColombia vanonzwa kupfuura kwegore zvakanyanya munguva dzemvura nedzakaoma kupfuura munguva dzechando kana kupisa.
Kunyangwe nguva dzechando nechirimo nematsutso uye solstices zvichiitikawo munyeredzi, Migumisiro yaro pamamiriro ekunze muColombia hainyatsoonekwi.Haungaoni miti ichirasikirwa nemashizha ayo akawanda kana kuti ichinaya sinou yakawanda mwaka wega wega; zvinomera zvinoramba zvakasvibira munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika uye sinou inongoonekwa pamakomo akakwirira emakomo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anodzokororwa mune dzimwe nyika dziri munzvimbo dzakafanana. Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Brazil, Bolivia, Mexico nenzvimbo zhinji dzemuAfrica dzinopisa Havanawo mwaka mina yekare, asi panzvimbo pezvo vanoshanda nemamiriro emvura nekusanaya kwemvura zvakafanana zvikuru neColombia.
Ndeipi "mwaka" chaiyo muColombia?
Kana ukabvunza chero muColombia kuti nyika ine mwaka upi, achakuudza izvozvo Kune mwaka wechando nezhizha pano, asi kwete mupfungwa yekuEurope.Chando chinoenderana nenguva yemvura inonaya kana yekunaya, uye zhizha rinoenderana nenguva yakaoma kana yekunaya kwemvura shoma. Kupisa, kunze kwekukwira kwenzvimbo, kunoramba kwakadzikama, saka "kuchinja kwemwaka" kunoonekwa kana mvura zhinji yatanga kana kupera.
Munzvimbo zhinji, Mwaka inongobva pakunaya kwemvura chete: mwaka wemvura uchienzaniswa nemwaka wemvuraKupararira kwenguva idzi kunoenderana zvikuru nenzvimbo: Andean RegionCaribbean, Eastern Plains, Pacific neAmazon vanotevedzera karenda dzakasiyana, ne bimodal zones (mwaka miviri yemvura pagore) uye monomodal zones (mwaka mumwe chete wemvura unotsanangurwa zvakanaka).
Chando muColombia: mwaka wemvura
Chinowanzonzi mwaka wechando chinoenderana mwedzi inonaya mvura yakawandaKazhinji, munzvimbo zhinji dzeCaribbean Coast, Eastern Plains nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzemakomo, mvura inonaya yakawanda pakati paKubvumbi naGumiguru, kunyange zvazvo paine kusiyana kwenzvimbo.
Munzvimbo dzakadai Atlantic Coast, Llanos, Cauca Valley nemipata yekumusoro yeMagdalenaMvura inowanzonaya zvakanyanya kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Gumiguru. Nyamavhuvhu inogona kushanda semwedzi unochinja-chinja wakaoma, unozivikanwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo se "August Indian Summer" ine mukurumbira, kunyangwe zvisingaitike gore rega rega uye hazvifanani munyika yese.
Mumaguta ane mamiriro ekunze anotonhora eAndean, akadai se Bogotá kana Tunja, Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) Inoti kupararira kwacho kunoitika panguva mbiri: Ndira, Kukadzi, Chikunguru naNyamavhuvhu zvinoonekwa sezvisina mvura yakawanda, nepo mwaka wemvura uchiitika kubva pakupera kwaKurume kusvika pakutanga kwaChikumi uye kubva pakupera kwaGunyana kusvika kutanga kwaZvita.
Mukupesana, la Dunhu reAmazon uye mahombekombe egungwa rePacific reColombia anogara mumvura inenge ichinaya gore roseMunzvimbo idzi, mvura inonaya yakawanda uye inogara iripo zvekuti hapana mwaka wemvura unonyatsojeka; kune mwedzi yakawanda ine mvura shoma, asi kunzwa kwakajairika ndekwekuti hunyoro hunogara huripo.
Maitiro aya ekunaya kwemvura akakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye hupfumi hwemaruwa: zvirimwa, goho uye kuwanikwa kwemvura Zvinonyanya kutsamira pakuti nguva yekunaya kwemvura inosvika riini uye kuti inguva yakareba sei kana kuti inononoka kupfuura zvaitarisirwa.
Zhizha muColombia: mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura
Chirimo chinonzi Colombia chinoreva Mwedzi ine mvura shoma, kwete hazvo kupisa kwakanyanyaMunzvimbo zhinji dzeCaribbean Coast, makomo marefu, Cauca Valley nemipata yekumusoro yeMagdalena, nguva yakaoma zvikuru inotangira muna Mbudzi kusvika munaKurume, uye Ndira naKukadzi vanowanzova mwedzi wakajeka zvikuru.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Nyamavhuvhu dzimwe nguva inonzwa sekunge nguva pfupi yekuoma kwemvura mukati megore, kunyanya mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAndean, uko kunoonekwa senzvimbo yekuzorora kwemvura. kumbomira mukunaya kwemvuraKunyangwe zvakadaro, hatifaniri kugutsikana: kunyangwe munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, mvura zhinji inogona kunaya, asi haizowanzoitika kakawanda uye ichava pfupi kwenguva.
Kune nzvimbo dzinoita sedzinogara muzhizha risingaperi. Guajira Peninsula, zvikamu zvegungwa reCaribbean neTatacoa Desert Idzi inzvimbo dzakaoma kana kuti dzisina mvura yakawanda uko mvura inonaya zvishoma gore rose. Munzvimbo idzi, musiyano uripo pakati penyika dzese dzeColombia, imwe yenyika dzine mvura yakawanda pasi rose, unonyanya kushamisa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, sezvazvaive zvatove zvakaita munguva yechando, Amazon nePacific hazvina zhizha rakaomaIkoko, mvura inoramba ichinaya yakawanda mumwedzi gumi nemiviri, uye vagari veko vanosiyanisa nguva dzemvura zhinji nenguva dzemvura "yakanyorova".
Zvose, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Nzira huru yeku "maka karenda" muColombia ndeyekuchinjana pakati pehunyoro nekusanaya kwemvuranekuchinja-chinja kwakajeka kwenzvimbo, kupfuura kuchinja kwetembiricha kunoratidza mwaka munzvimbo dzine mwero.
Nzvimbo huru dzemamiriro ekunze eColombia
Kupfuura zita rehunyanzvi remamiriro ekunze ega ega, zvinobatsira kurongedza nzvimbo yacho muzvikamu nzvimbo nhatu huru dzemamiriro ekunze dzine zvinhu zvakafananaizvo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti mvura inonaya uye tembiricha zvakarongwa sei munyika:
- Savanna macroregion (Caribbean-plains)Dunhu iri rinosanganisira Caribbean neOrinoco Plains. Kunyange zvazvo rakaparadzaniswa nemakomo, rine hunhu hwakafanana: mapani makuru ane mamiriro ekunze etropical savanna (Aw), ane mwaka miviri yakasiyana - mwaka wemvura wakareba, wakajeka uye mwaka wemvura mupfupi asi wakanyanya. MuCaribbean, mvura inonaya kaviri inowanda, nemwaka wemvura kubva muna Zvita kusvika Chivabvu uye kubva muna Chikunguru kusvika Gumiguru, uye mwaka wemvura kubva muna Kurume kusvika Chikunguru uye kubva muna Gunyana kusvika Zvita. Mudunhu reOrinoco, mvura inowanzonaya kubva muna Kurume kusvika Chikunguru, uye mwaka wemvura kubva muna Mbudzi kusvika Kubvumbi, nemuenzaniso wemvura mumakomo emapani (mwaka wemvura kubva muna Mbudzi kusvika Kurume uye mwaka wemvura kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Gumiguru). MuLa Guajira, mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye asina mvura yakawanda anopindirana.
- Dunhu guru remusango (Pacific-Amazon)Inosanganisira matunhu eAmazon nePacific, akabatana nemasango makuru ane miti yemusango uye masango ane makore pasina kana chinovhiringidza. [Zvinotevera zvinoita sezvisina hukama uye zvichida chikamu chechinyorwa chakasiyana:] mamiriro ekunze eikweta Af, ine hunyoro hwakanyanya uye inodziya gore reseColombian Pacific ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinonaya mvura zvakanyanya pasi rose, ine mvura inogona kudarika 10.000 mm pagore mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nepo Amazon isingawanzo kudonha pasi pe2.500 mm pagore.
- nzvimbo huru yeAndean nepakati peAndean valleyDunhu rine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana rinosanganisira Dunhu reAndean nemapani aro eMagdalena neCauca. Munzvimbo dzakaderera, mamiriro ekunze anodziya etropical (Am, Aw, As) ndiwo anonyanya kukosha, nepo pamusoro pe1.000 metres, mamiriro ekunze anotevera anoshandiswa: nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine mwero Cfbi neCsbiPamusoro pemamiriro ekunze echando nechando, mamiriro ekunze aya anowanzo kuve nemwaka miviri yekunaya kwemvura (Chikumi-Gunyana naZvita-Kurume) uye mwaka miviri yekunaya kwemvura (Kurume-Chivabvu naGunyana-Mbudzi), yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kutonhora.
Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti Colombia inyika isina mwaka mina yechinyakare, asi ine mamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo dzinopisa, uye maitiro ekunaya kwemvura.Pane kutevedzera karenda yechirimo, zhizha, matsutso nechando, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunotarisa kuti kuchanaya here kana kuti kuchasanaya kwemvura, uye kukwirira kwenzvimbo yaunogara, izvo zvinosarudza kana munhu achipedza gore akapfeka maoko mapfupi, nejaketi diki kana nejasi gobvu.