Apo patinotaura nezvazvo mitambo yechinyakare ine hunhu uye hunhu Kune mazita matatu anoramba achibuda: tango, flamenco inonzwisiswa semhando yeunyanzvi hwakakwana, uye American square dance. Pakutanga, zvingaita senyika dzakasiyana, asi ukanyatsoongorora wobva waona kuti dzese dzine chimwe chinhu chakakosha: mutinhimira wakajeka, chimiro chinoonekwa, uye chikamu chakasimba chemagariro evanhu uye chemitambo.
Mumitsara inotevera tichanyatsoongorora zvakadzama maitiro aya akagadzirwa uye anotambwa seiMimhanzi inoita basa rei, chii chaizvo chinoitwa nemuimbi wega wega (kuimba, kutamba, gitare, kana kufona, sezvazvingave zvakaita), uye zvese izvi zvinobva kupi? Uchaona kuti, pane kuva akaomarara, aya marudzi ehupenyu anosanganisa makodhi akanyatsojeka nerusununguko rwakakura rwekugadzira, maererano nedzimwe tsika. mitambo yenyika.
Tango
Tango ndeimwe yetsika dzinonyanya kuratidzwa nevanhu Argentina uye zvakare kubva kuUruguay. Yakabuda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kupera kwezana remakore rechi19 Munzvimbo dzechiteshi chezvikepe nenzvimbo dzevashandi vepamusoro dzeBuenos Aires neMontevideo, uko vatorwa vekuEurope, vazukuru vechiAfro, nevaCreole vaigara pamwe chete, musanganiswa uyu wetsika wakakonzera mimhanzi nekutamba kwakasiyana.
Tango akaberekwa panguva iyoyo 1880 Mudzimba dzekugara, macafe, dzimba dzechipfambi, uye muzvivanze zvenharaunda dzakaderera, midzi yayo inosanganisa mimhanzi yeAfrica, Creole milonga, Cuban habanera, nemimhanzi yeEurope yakaunzwa nevatorwa vekuItaly neSpain. Pakutanga yaionekwa sekutamba kusingakoshi uye kunonyadzisa nevanhu vepamusoro, nguva nemukurumbira wayo zvakaichinja kuita kutamba kunopfuura mapoka ese evanhu.
Yakanga yavewo iripo pasi rose. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Tango akasvika kuEuropekunyanya muParis, uko kwakava kwakakurumbira zvikuru. Payakagamuchirwa muEurope, yakawanawo mukurumbira muArgentina uye pakupedzisira yakava mutambo wayo wakakurumbira uye wemazuva ose.
"Nguva yegoridhe" yetango yakaitika pakati pemakore ekuma1930 ne1950. Iyi yaive nguva yemapoka makuru emimhanzi yetango, dzimba dzekutamba dzakazara, uye kufarirwa kwakapararira paredhiyo nemumafirimu. Yaive munguva iyi apo vanhu vakaita se Carlos Gardel, aionekwa sechidhori chikuru cherwiyo rwetango; AnÃbal Troilo nevamwe vazhinji, asi nekuda kwake Astor Piazzolla, tango iyoyo yairatidzika seyemazuva ano, payaisanganiswa nejazz nemimhanzi yekare.
Kuzivikanwa kwetsika kwakauya muna 2009 apo tango yakaziviswa Isingaonekwe Tsika Nhoroondo yeVanhu neUNESCO. Asi ndeapi maitiro ekutamba uku kwakajairika kweArgentina? Tinogona kuipatsanura mukutamba nemimhanzi. Mukutaura kwemimhanzi, tango ine: mutinhimira une ruzha rwakanyanya uye rune kusuruvara, mashoko ekare uye emanzwiro nemisoro pamusoro perudo, kudzura, kusuruvara uye hupenyu hwemumaguta. Chiridzwa chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ibandoneon, asi zvimwe zviridzwa zvakajairika ipiyano, violin, uye double bass.
Zvino, kana kuri kutamba pachako, tango inotambwa vari vaviri vaviri uye inoratidzwa nekumbundirana kwakasimba, mafambiro akanaka, kufamba-famba zvishoma nezvishoma, kufungidzira, uye kubatana kwakasimba pakati pevatambi. Hapana ma choreographies akasimba: vaviri ava vanodudzira mimhanzi vakasununguka, asi kune, hongu, matanho chaiwo anofanira kudzidzwa kuti aitwe.
Tichifunga nezve zvechinyakare zvipfeko Zvipfeko zvechinyakare zvinowanzova nesutu nengowani zvevarume uye rokwe rakanaka uye shangu refu dzevakadzi. Zvipfeko zvepamusoro zvinofanirwa kupfekwa, uye masokisi ane mutsara kumashure zvakanaka.
Pakupedzisira, pane mhando dzakasiyana dze tangoZvinoti, tango yesalon, tango yepadanho, tango yemilonga, uye inonzi nuevo tango. Asi chero rudzi rwemitambo, zvese zvakakosha zvikuru mutsika sezvo, pakupedzisira, tango inomiririra kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo yeRÃo de la Plata, kusanganiswa kwetsika dzevatorwa, uye kuratidza manzwiro kwakadzama.
Ichiripo nanhasi mumilongas, mashoo nemitambo yepasi rose yakaita se Mutambo weBuenos Aires Tango neWorld Championship ine vakaroorana kwete vanobva kuArgentina chete asi vanobva kumativi ese epasi. Vanhu vakanyatsodanana netango.
Flamenco
Flamenco iboka re Kutaura kwetsika dzeSpain kunobatanidza kutamba, nziyo nemimhanziAkaberekerwa zvikurukuru munharaunda ye Andalusia uye inoonekwa seimwe yezviratidzo zvetsika zvakakosha zvenyika.
Flamenco yakatanga kukura pakati pe 18th uye 19th mazana emakoreMidzi yayo inobva mumusanganiswa wetsika dzakasiyana dzaigara pamwe chete muAndalusia: tsika dzechiGypsy, dzechiArabhu, nedzechiJudha.
pesvedzero dzevanhu vechiKristu neveAfrica neveSpain, asi ichokwadi kuti Vanhu vechiRoma Akaita basa guru mukugadzirwa uye kutapurirwa kweflamenco.
Pakutanga kwayo, flamenco yaive mutambo wakakurumbira uye wemhuri waiimbwa uye waitamba pamisangano yepachivande, mhemberero, uye mumabhawa. Chinhu chekare chaive imba (Kuimba kweFlamenco), gare gare kuchiperekedzwa negitare nekutamba. Asi yaive muzana remakore rechi19 apo "macafés cantantes" akatanga, nzvimbo dzaiitwa nenyanzvi dzemimhanzi. Izvi zvakabatsira kuparadzira flamenco muSpain yese.
Muzana remakore rechi20, flamenco yakawana mukurumbira pasi rose nekuda kwevaimbi vakuru vakaita saCamarón de la Isla, Paco de LucÃa, naCarmen Amaya. Nhasi, flamenco inozivikanwa pasi rose seimwe yezviratidzo zvetsika dzeSpain, uye kubvira muna 2010, Isingaonekwe Tsika Nhoroondo yeVanhu yakaziviswa neUNESCO.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoitwa nekutamba kweflamenco? Tinogona kutaura kuti kutamba uku kunoratidza manzwiro makuru, kunoratidza manzwiro akasimba akadai seshungu, kurwadziwa, mufaro, simba, uye kudada. Mukutamba uku, tinofanirawo kurangarira kuti kutamba uku mutauro wemuviri uye chitarisiko chechiso Izvo zvakakosha.
Saka, kana tichitarisa kufamba, kutamba kweflamenco kunoratidzwa nekufamba kwakasimba uye kwakanaka, kufamba netsoka zvine mutinhimira, kutendeuka nekukurumidza, uye kufamba kwemaoko nemaoko zvine ruzha.
uye kumira kwakatwasuka uye kwakasimba. Uye zvakare, mutinhimira wacho unoratidzwa nekushandisa zvine hunyanzvi mawoko emaoko, kugogodza zvitsitsinho, kuridza gitare, uye ma "castanets" ezviratidzo, mune mamwe maitiro.
Kana tichitarisa zvipfeko zvechivanhu, vakadzi vanowanzo pfeka madhirezi marefu ane mavara ane maruffle, ukuwo varume vachipfeka mabhurugwa akakwana, shati, nejasi. Kana zviri zvinhu zvikuru zveflamenco, kutamba uku kune zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: "cante" (rwiyo), "toque" (gitare reflamenco), uye "baile" (kutamba pachako).
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzinonzi "palos," dzinosanganisira soleá, bulerÃa, sevillanas, fandango, uye alegrÃas. Imwe neimwe ine mutinhimira nehunhu hwakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, flamenco inomiririra hunhu hwetsika dzeAndalusia neSpain. Nhasi uno inoitwa uye inodzidziswa pasi rese, uye maguta akadai seSeville, Granada, neJerez de la Frontera anozivikanwa senzvimbo dzenhoroondo dzeflamenco.
Kutamba kweFlamenco: chimiro chekutanga uye zvikamu zve palo
Kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti matango anopinda sei mumutambo weflamenco, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvakajeka chimiro chakazara che classical flamenco choreographyZvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi zvinotsanangura "mapfupa" akajairika anogovaniswa nematanda mazhinji echinyakare, kunyangwe paine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye marezenisi ehunyanzvi.
Muchidimbu, hurongwa hwakakosha uhu hunosanganisira: a kubuda (kupinda kwemutambi), rimwe kana akawanda mashoko erwiyo, chikamu che "footwork", uye magumo anogona kunzi "murume," "estribillo," "ida," kana kungoti "cierre," zvichienderana nemaitiro. Zvikamu izvi zvine hukama hwakanyanya nekuti kuimba uye gitare zvinogadzirwa sei.
Munguva yemashoko enziyo, mutambi anonyanya kutarisa pa zviratidzo, kufamba uye kutendeukazvichibvumira inzwi remuimbi kufema. Mu escobilla, gamba guru ikurova kwetsoka uye kupindura kwegitare nemaoko. Mhedzisiro inowanzo sanganisira kukurumidza kana kuchinja mhepoiyo inogona kutoshandurwa kuita imwe nzira yakafanana (semuenzaniso, kupedzisa mamwe matientos nekuenda kumatango).
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, munhoroondo, kutamba kweflamenco kwave kuchiumbwa zvakanyanya ne kudzokorora mafomura akabudirira izvozvo nechibvumirano chepamutemo pakati penyanzvi. Ndosaka paine musiyano mumazita uye maumbirwo pakati pemasitayera, uye kunyange mavhezheni emahara mumitambo yemazuva ano, uko marongero anochinjwa, masitayera anosanganiswa kana kuti zvikamu zvese zvinosiyiwa.
Chero zvazvingava, kuti zvinhu zvifambe pachikuva, kuimba, kutamba, uye kuridza gitare zvinofanira... kushanda sechisikwa chimwe cheteKutaurirana nguva dzose pakati pevaimbi kwakakosha: huwandu hwemashoko erwiyo, nguva yekutamba magitare, kuputsika kwegitare, rudzi rwemurume, kumhanya kwekukwira kana kureba kwebhurashi, zvese zvinokurukurwa, kungave zvichidzidzwa zvakadzama mumitambo yemitambo kana kuti zvakagadzirwa nemakodhi akafanana mubhaisikopo.
Kutamba kwesquare: mutambo weAmerica unopikisana nekutamba kweflamenco
Kana tikasvetuka kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSpain kuenda kuUnited States, tinowana kutamba kweboka iyo, kunyange zvazvo yakasiyana zvikuru murunako, inofanana neFlamenco nepfungwa iyoyo ye chimiro chakanyorwa uye kutora chikamu munharaunda: iyo kutamba kwemativi manaMutambo uyu wechivanhu, kunyanya une chekuita nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa netsika dzekumaruwa, unoronga vatori vechikamu muzvikamu zvina zvevaviri, zvichiyeuchidza mitambo yakafanana muEurope. mitambo yechinyakare yeHolland ine chikamu chakasimba chenharaunda.
Mukutamba kwesquare, hunhu hunokosha ndi afonaMunhu anoimba kana kudzokorora mifananidzo inofanirwa kuitwa nevatambi zvichienderana nemutinhimira wemimhanzi. Pane kungozvigadzira pasina muripo, chinonyanya kukosha pano inyaya yekuti repertoire yemafoni akadzidzwa nemusoro (promenade, do-si-do, swing, allemande, nezvimwewo), izvo vakaroorana vanofanira kuziva uye kuita zviri nyore.
Mutinhimira mukuru zvakare siginecha yenguva yekurova manaInotevedzera mimhanzi iyi uye yakagadzirirwa kutsigira kutevedzana kwematanho anodzokororwa. Mimhanzi iyi inowanzoimbwa nezviridzwa zvakaita seviolin, banjo, gitare, kana double bass, nenzira yakafanana nebluegrass kana country yechinyakare.
Kusiyana neflamenco, uko kunonyanya kutariswa kunowanzo kuve chimiro chemunhu mumwe nemumwe chemutambi kana muimbiKutamba kwesquare mutambo wevanhu vose, uko hunyanzvi huri mukubatanidza vanhu vasere vari musquare kuti vaite zvinhu zviri nyore. Chikamu chemagariro evanhu chikuru: chinotambwa pamapati, kuungana kwevanhu, uye pamitambo.
Kana uchitarisa kubva kunze, chiitiko ichi chingangofanana neflamenco tablao yakazara nevanhu vachiombera maoko vachifara, asi kodhi yemukati yakasiyana: mukutamba kwechikwere, chimiro chinopihwa nemafoni emunhu ari kufona, nepo muflamenco hutungamiriri hunogovaniswa pakati pekuimba, kutamba, gitare nekuombera maoko zvichienderana nenguva.
Aya ndiwo matatu chete emitambo yakakurumbira pasi rose. Unotamba chero ipi zvayo here?